Disinformation interventions need to focus on the human actors who hold disproportionate power over institutions and not on traditional institutional boundaries and labels. 1/8

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Stanford Graduate School of Business Professor Chris Armstrong consistently comments that “institutions do not make decisions. People within them [to whom disproportionate power has been allocated] do.” 2/8

Jensen and Meckling (1976) relatedly suggest that institutions act as a nexus to align individual human actors via explicit and implicit contracts. 3/8

Effective interventions need to focus on the human actors, their incentives, and their collective alignment and not fixate on traditional labels and boundaries. 4/8