Muscular VSD 👉🏻May occur in the inlet, trabecular, outlet portions of the muscular septum. 👉🏻Can present as a single or multiple “Swiss-cheese” defects. ESC WG on ACHD Chairperson Ritu Thamman MD Deepak Thekkoott #am-writing MD Chittur Sivaram MD MACP MACC Alex Felix Leo Lopez David H. Wiener, MD Alexander Mladenow MD Rohit loomba

HOCM Echo Infographic Check: MR ASH SAM 1. MR: Mitral regurgitation 2. ASH: Asymmetrical septal hypertrophy 3. SAM: Systolic anterior motion of AML 4. Peak gradient across LVOT

+ve Troponin Approach ESC Guidelines

Bicuspid Aortic Valve (BAV) Summary Points Bicuspid Aortic Valve (BAV) is a congenital condition with only 2 functional valve cusps instead of 3. 🔹 Type A (With Raphe) ▪︎Most common type (~70–85%) ▪︎Formed by fusion of two cusps (usually right and left coronary cusps)

Causes of elevated cardiac Troponin: 1. Cardiac Ischemic causes (Type 1, Type 2 MI) 2. Cardiac NON Ischemic causes 3. Systemic causes Table from ESC guidelines

Secondary Mitral Regurgitation (SMR): Atrial SMR: Driven mainly by left atrial enlargement and annular dilation, with preserved LV function and normal leaflet motion. Ventricular SMR: Driven by LV dysfunction and remodeling, leading to leaflet tethering and abnormal motion.

Redistribution of pulmonary blood flow to the upper lung zones on chest radiograph is called: A. Hilar fullness B. Cephalization of vessels C. Kerley’s B lines D. Air bronchogram

This is the best chest x-ray anatomy guide I’ve ever seen.

🚨 HYPERkalemia Alert (K⁺ >5.5 mEq/L) facebook.com/share/r/19oeZ4… Early: Tall, tented T-waves (peaked, V2-V4) Moderate: Flattened/absent P-waves, prolonged PR, widened QRS Severe (>7.0): Sine wave → V-fib/asystole! #ECG #Cardiology #MedStudent #NurseLife #EmergencyMed

PDA is best seen with color Doppler in suprasternal view or short-axis view (SAX). cardvasc.org/congenital-hea…

Pericardial Tamponade

The image displays various patterns observed in Pulmonary Vein (PV) Doppler waveforms and their corresponding differential diagnoses. onlinejase.com/article/S0894-…

The emergency treatment for Severe Hyperkalemia. iem-student.org

4 step Brugada algorithm to differentiate ventricular tachycardia from SVT with aberrancy

Do you think this is Lambl’s excrescence or a papillary fibroelastoma?

Schematic diagram of the blood supply to the cardiac conduction system

Normal Cardiac heamodynamic values

Targets for LDL-C for each cardiovascular risk category Remember these numbers: 116, 100, 70, 55, 40 >>>> Low, moderate, high, very high, extreme risk ESC guidelines

Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography for valvular assessment

Chest X-Ray fused with images of a coronal CT