### Targeted Therapy in Cancer - Mechanism of Action: Involves drugs designed to interfere with specific molecules necessary for tumor growth and progression, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and monoclonal antibodies. - Patient Stratification: Utilizes biomarkers and

Trivia Question: Which of the following genes is known to be commonly mutated in both oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, indicating its dual role depending on the context? A) TP53 B) RAS C) BRCA1 D) MYC #Genetics #Trivia #Oncogenes #TumorSuppressor #Biology

Topic: Leukemia: Types and Therapies - Classification of Leukemia: Categorization by acute vs. chronic and myeloid vs. lymphocytic forms; key subtypes include AML, ALL, CML, and CLL. - Molecular Pathogenesis: Involves genetic mutations and chromosomal translocations; BCR-ABL

Thyroid Cancer: Diagnosis and Management - Diagnostic Techniques: Utilizes fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB), ultrasonography, and molecular testing for genetic mutations to determine malignancy. - Risk Stratification: Employs the American Thyroid Association (ATA)

🎉 Trivia Time! 🎉 Which molecular mechanism is most commonly associated with the development of treatment-resistant prostate cancer? A. Androgen receptor gene amplification B. Epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes C. HER2 gene mutation D. KRAS proto-oncogene

Colorectal Cancer: Prevention and Treatment - Prevention Strategies: Emphasis on dietary modifications such as increased fiber intake and reduced red meat consumption, along with lifestyle changes like regular physical activity and cessation of smoking. Genetic screenings for

Gluten-Free Diets - Prevalence and Necessity: Primarily essential for individuals with celiac disease (approximately 1% of the global population) or non-celiac gluten sensitivity. Strict adherence can prevent chronic gastrointestinal and systemic inflammation in celiac patients.

Low-Carbohydrate Diets - Mechanisms: Low-carbohydrate diets (LCDs) typically reduce carbohydrate intake to 20-50 grams per day, inducing a metabolic state called ketosis which shifts metabolism from glucose to fat-derived ketones. - Health Impact: Studies have shown LCDs can

Trivia Question: Which of the following genetic factors is most strongly associated with an increased risk for developing Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)? A. Mutation in the CFTR gene B. Deficiency in Alpha-1 Antitrypsin C. Mutation in the GJB2 gene D.

Fat-Soluble Vitamins (A-D-E-K) - Vitamin A: Essential for vision, immune function, and reproduction. Exists primarily as retinol and retinal; also derived from carotenoids in plant-based foods. - Vitamin D: Crucial for calcium and phosphorus homeostasis; synthesized through skin

### Celiac Disease: Gluten Intolerance - Pathophysiology: Autoimmune disorder where ingestion of gluten leads to immune-mediated damage in the small intestine, primarily targeting the villi, causing malabsorption. - Genetic Factors: Strong association with specific HLA-DQ2 and

🎉 Trivia Time! 🎉 Which antiviral medication specifically targets the HCV NS5A protein and is critical in the treatment of Hepatitis C? A. Oseltamivir B. Ribavirin C. Sofosbuvir D. Ledipasvir #Trivia #HepatitisC #MedicalScience #HealthQuiz #LearningIsFun Sciqst, Precise

### Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) - Etiology and Pathogens: Primarily caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) and other Enterobacteriaceae; emerging resistance mechanisms are complicating treatment options. - Pathogenesis: Involves bacterial adherence, invasion, and

### Mediterranean Diet - Nutrient Composition and Health Benefits: The Mediterranean diet emphasizes the consumption of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, nuts, and olive oil, with moderate intake of fish and poultry, and limited consumption of red meat and sweets.

Gastric (Stomach) Cancer: Risk Factors and Treatment - Risk Factors: - Genetic Predisposition: Certain genetic mutations, such as those in CDH1, increase susceptibility. - Infection: Helicobacter pylori infection is a significant contributor to gastric cancer risk. - Diet:

Trivia Question: Which of the following immunological principles is the basis behind the concept of herd immunity? A. Clonal selection theory B. Antigenic drift C. Threshold level of vaccination D. Molecular mimicry #Trivia #Immunology #HerdImmunity #ScienceQuiz Sciqst,

### Biologic Drugs for Rheumatoid Arthritis - Mechanism of Action: Biologic drugs target specific components of the immune system, such as TNF-alpha, IL-6, and B-cells, to reduce inflammation and halt disease progression in rheumatoid arthritis. - Efficacy: Clinical trials

# Alzheimer's Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment - Biomarkers and Imaging: Advanced imaging techniques like PET and MRI, coupled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis for amyloid-beta and tau proteins, are pivotal in early and accurate diagnosis. - Cognitive Assessments:

🎲 Trivia Question 🎲 Which genetic mutation is most strongly associated with a higher risk of developing bladder cancer, particularly urothelial carcinoma? A) FGFR3 (Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3) mutation B) BRCA1 (Breast Cancer Type 1 susceptibility protein) mutation

### Ovarian Cancer: Symptoms and Treatment - Symptoms: - Often asymptomatic in early stages; advanced stages may present with abdominal bloating, pelvic pain, and urinary symptoms. - Non-specific gastrointestinal symptoms frequently lead to delayed diagnosis. -