What does it take to be "middle income" in the U.S.? In 2020, a family of three needed an annual income of $52,000 to $156,000; a family of five needed $67,000 to $201,000 pewrsr.ch/3xWIbtx

In the past 50 years, the middle class has contracted and U.S. aggregate income has drifted to upper-income households, who now hold 50% of the total pewrsr.ch/3OqlWSd

Older adults have made the most progress up the income ladder since 1970, but those without a bachelor's degree have slipped the most pewrsr.ch/3OqlWSd

Working moms in the U.S. have faced challenges on multiple fronts during the pandemic pewrsr.ch/38Z2knZ

How the unemployment rate has changed in the last year, from April '21 to April '22: All workers: 6.0% to 3.6% White: 5.3% to 3.2% Black: 9.7% to 5.9% Hispanic: 7.7% to 4.1% Asian: 5.7% to 3.1% bls.gov/news.release/e…

Black and Hispanic Americans, those with less education are more likely to fall out of the middle class each year pewrsr.ch/3KV0QbX

Over the 2000-2021 period, an average of about one-in-five Black and Hispanic adults who were in the middle class one year moved down to the lower-income tier by the next year pewrsr.ch/3KV0QbX

Over the 2000-2021 period, 26% of Black adults & 27% of Hispanic adults moved up from the lower-income tier to the middle class or above in an average year, compared with over 35% each of White and Asian adults pewrsr.ch/3KV0QbX

The unemployment rate for Hispanics reached a record low of 3.8% in Sept. 2022. The record high: 18.8% in April 2020.

NEW: The gender pay gap has barely closed in the U.S. in the past two decades. In 2022, American women typically earned 82 cents for every dollar earned by men. This was about the same as in 2002, when they earned 80 cents to the dollar. 🧵 pewresearch.org/social-trends/…

Progress in closing the gender pay gap came to a virtual standstill 20 years ago: In 2022, women earned 82% as much as men, compared with 80% in 2002 pewrsr.ch/3Za6lLv

Although women have outpaced men in graduating from college for several decades, the gender pay gap remains stuck at about 80 cents to the dollar pewrsr.ch/3Za6lLv

The gender pay gap among college graduates is not any narrower than among those who do not have a college degree. Since 1982, the gap has closed more among workers without a four-year college degree than among those who with the degree pewrsr.ch/3Za6lLv

Younger women -- ages 25 to 34 -- have edged closer to wage parity with men in recent years. But even as parity might appear in reach for women at the start of their careers, the wage gap tends to increase as they age pewrsr.ch/3Za6lLv

A good share of the increase in the gender pay gap takes place when women are between the ages of 35 and 44. In 2022, women ages 25 to 34 earned about 92% as much as men of the same ages, but women ages 35 to 44 earned 83% as much pewrsr.ch/3Za6lLv

Parenthood leads some women to put their careers on hold. In 2022, 70% of mothers ages 25 to 34 were in the labor force, compared with 84% of women of the same age without children at home. The opposite happens among men pewrsr.ch/3Za6lLv

Mothers ages 25 to 54 work about 2 hours less per week on the job than women with no children at home. Fathers tend to work more pewrsr.ch/3Za6lLv

In 2022, Black women earned 70% as much as White men and Hispanic women earned 65% as much. The ratio for White women stood at 83%, while Asian women were closer to parity with White men, making 93% as much pewrsr.ch/3Za6lLv