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🛑 Awareness of the topographical landmarks in localizing A1 pulley & digital neurovascular structures, improve safety & efficacy of the Trigger Thumb (stenosing tenosynovitis) treatment. It's caused by a size mismatch between flexor tendon & A1 pulley doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa…

🛑Wrist is a complex joint comprising 15 bones, 24 joint facets and 24 ligaments.Furthermore it incorporates a system of 8 pulleys to control the moment arms of 24 tendons that cross the joint. -Carpal instability is also complex. Here the 2nd pattern of carpal instability shown

🛑Palmar & ulnar view as well as dorsal & radial view of the hand & wrist with areas of pain & tenderness marked with their corresponding leading differential diagnoses👌 Remember: Each patient has a different story to tell about his/her hand &wrist and why is seeking treatment.

🛑Neurologic features of lumbosacral radiculopathy shown👍 It's worth mentioning that RADICULAR PAIN should be differentiated from NON-NEUROGENIC SCLEROTOMAL PAIN. Sclerotomal pain can arise from pathology within the disk, facet joint,or lumbar paraspinal muscles & ligaments.

🛑Some facts about PECTORALIS MAJOR: ✓ 3 muscle heads Clavicular; Sternal: often divided into upper & lower; Abdominal ✓Normal tendon - Thin (3-5mm) AP - 4-6 cm craniocaudal - Inserts onto lateral lip of inferior bicipital groove -Lies anterior to biceps& coracobrachialis

🛑Ultrasound evaluation of the carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) made easy 👍 Just performing the 4 steps....

🛑In contrast to SESAMOID BONES (has 2 types: A & B), which function to protect & sometimes increase efficacy of a tendon, ACCESSORY OSSICLES are have no known function, but are constant in position. Both can undergo pathologic changes & become symptomatic.

🛑The attached image by 'UpToDate" showing, two sites at the heel, which can be affected by enthesitis . The enthesis is the site of insertion of ligaments, tendons, joint capsules,& fascia to bone . These areas are highly vascular & susceptible to bacterial & antigen deposition

🛑 TENDON ANATOMY. Tendons are fibrous cords, made of collagen & attached to muscles & to bone. They're mechanical bridge, transmitting muscle forces to the bones & joints.Also help muscles complete joint movements along a plane. They have blood vessels & innervated by nerves.

🛑Some authors devide the LATERAL ankle ligaments into high & low based on the resultant sprain injury. For example ant. inf. tibiofibular lig often injured in conjunction with eversion injurie results in HIGH ankle sprain rather than more common lateral ankle sprain(low sprain)

🛑TFCC anatomy beautifully shown in the image of dorsal surface of the wrist👍TFCC performs several important functions in the wrist,which the most important one is to stabilize the distal radioulnar joint. Also the discus component(TFC) helps to absorb compressive forces,.. etc

🛑NECK FX(s) OF MIDDLE or PROXIMAL PHALANGES: Common in children;difficult to reduce & remain UNSTABLE. Fx reduced by*traction...If reduction fails,either a single or two K-wires used for fixation. Or percutaneous internal fixation with 2 crossed K-wires after closed reduction

🛑Subacromial(shoulder) impingement syndrome(SIS) refers to a combination of shoulder symptoms,PE findings & radiologic signs attributable to compression of structures around the GHJ that occurs with shoulder elevation.Repetitive activity at/above shoulder is the main risk factor

🛑Dermatomes of the trunk beautifully demonstrated👍 Image: UpToDate

🛑This wonderful image demonstrates the six types of movement of scapula; muscles producing these movements; nerves to these muscle; range of movement,..etc. 👌👍

🛑As it's seen in the attached figure,there are different TYPES OF NEUROPATHY IN DIABETES. ♦️The most commonly seen & typical form is a chronic, symmetrical,length-dependent sensorimotor polyneuropathy & thought to be the most common variety. doi.org/10.18621/eurj.…

Inflammation/rupture of extensor pollicis longus(EPL)tendon referred to as "drummer's palsy". Tendon of EPL forms what referred to as extensor expansion (or dorsal aponeurosis) as it's joined by 2 other tendons & together this aponeurosis forms the extensor mechanism of the thumb