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Globally October 2024 was the second warmest October in the GISS temperature record which starts in 1880. It was 1.32 degC warmer than the 1951-1980 mean, and 1.55 degC warmer than 1880-1920 mean which is thought to be close to the preindustrial level.  Data source NASA GISS.

El Nino is gone. The Northern Hemisphere mid-latitudes stay warm. Data source: NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies

Now I look at the global SST with a longer period than the last post. Comparing the SST of the past 5 years to the previous 5 years in the maps, we see that the Northern mid-latitude ocean got much warmer.

The global means for all NH fall months were the second highest after 2023's, but were much warmer than the normal. It was warm especially in the northern high latitudes. (I am retiring on 12/31. See www1.columbia.edu/~mhs119/index.… if you like before it is removed.) Data: NASA GISS.

Meteorological year (December to November) 2024 was the warmest since reliable records started in 1880, 0.17C warmer than 2023, and 1.56C above the estimated preindustrial value (1880-1920 mean).  Data source: NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies.

This figure updated. Nino3.4 and then the global surface temperature started decreasing. I use 731-day means for the solar forcing, so the data is behind. Data sources: NASA GISS, NOAA CPC & NASA GES DISC.

El Nino is gone, and the global mean surface is cooling, but I don't think the difference shown in the figure below will go back to 1970-2010 level.

This is my summary of global surface temperature change in last 35 years. Since the temperature change is accelerated, the maps are shown for 20, 10 and 5 year means. Meteorological annual means are used. Data source: NASA GISS.

The global mean surface temperature first developed by Drs. Hansen and Lebedeff and later improved by Dr. Ruedy (data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/). The base period is 1880-1920 which is assumed to be close to the preindustrial level. The 2024 mean was 1.56C above this level.

Top 10 warmest years are all in the past 10 years.  Data source NASA GISS data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/maps/

Global warming is accelerating!  Data sources: NASA GISS for the surface temperature and NOAA Climate Prediction Center for ENSO.

The figure below is extended to the end of 2024. 2023-24 El Nino ended and Central and Eastern Equatorial Pacific has cooled down but ~40N has warmed, especially in the western half of Northern Pacific.  Read Hansen et al. (2025) to e published in a few months. Data: NASA GISS.

In January 2025 most of US had very cold days, but globally it was the warmest January since reliable measurements started in 1880, in spite of a La Nina phase. Another notable thing was we had large wildfires in S. California, due to warm and extremely dry air. Data: GISS & GPCC

Both land and ocean surface temperatures are increasing rapidly since around 1970. Due to much larger heat capacity of water than that of land, ocean is warming with smaller rates than land. Data source: NASA/GISS.

Sorry, I was in a hurry this morning and forgot to do a final process on the .png figure. I hope this one works. Thank you, Leon, for pointing it out.

Update of the annual mean global mean CO2 abundance. Data source: X. Lan et al, NOAA/GML gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends/gl…