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💊NAPLEX MedFact. Irinotecan is associated with two distinct types of diarrhea: 🔸an early-onset form due to cholinergic effects 🔸a late-onset, potentially severe form related to its active metabolite SN-38 ☑️The delayed diarrhea can be dose-limiting and may lead to

💊NAPLEX MedFact. Fulvestrant is a Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulator (SERD) used in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer, especially after resistance to first-line hormonal therapies. ☑️It binds competitively to the estrogen receptor and accelerates its

💊NAPLEX MedFact. Purple glove syndrome is a rare side effect of the anticonvulsant drug, phenytoin. ☑️This condition occurs when phenytoin is administered intravenously, particularly when the injection is extravasated (leaks into surrounding tissue). ☑️It causes severe local

💊NAPLEX MedFact. Leflunomide is an immunomodulatory drug primarily used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. ☑️It works by inhibiting dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), a key mitochondrial enzyme involved in de novo pyrimidine synthesis, which is essential for DNA and RNA

💊NAPLEX MedFact. Bevacizumab is a drug used in the treatment of cancers including colorectal cancer and lung cancer. Side effects include: ☑️Hypertension: bevacizumab frequently causes new-onset or worsening hypertension due to its inhibition of VEGF-mediated vasodilation.

💊NAPLEX MedFact. Second-generation antihistamines are less likely to cause sedation because they are more selective for peripheral H1 receptors and have limited ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. This is due to their chemical structure, which makes them less lipophilic

💊NAPLEX MedFact. Key facts you need to know about secukinumab: ☑️Drug Class: human monoclonal antibody (IgG1κ). ☑️Mechanism of Action: secukinumab selectively binds to IL-17A, inhibiting its interaction with the IL-17 receptor, thereby reducing inflammation and associated

💊NAPLEX MedFact. Pleuromutilin antibiotics are a class of antibacterial agents that inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the 50S subunit of the ribosome, specifically at the peptidyl transferase center. This unique mechanism gives them activity against Gram-positive

💊NAPLEX MedFact. Fibrates are lipid-lowering agents that primarily work by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-α) - a nuclear receptor involved in lipid metabolism. ☑️Activation of PPAR-α increases the expression of lipoprotein lipase, which

💊NAPLEX MedFact. Penicillins can increase the toxicity of methotrexate by reducing its renal clearance, leading to higher blood levels of methotrexate. ☑️This occurs because penicillins compete with methotrexate for the same renal tubular transport mechanisms. ☑️As a

💊NAPLEX MedFact. A dry cough in patients taking ACE inhibitors is primarily caused by the accumulation of bradykinin and substance P in the respiratory tract. ☑️ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) normally breaks down these compounds, but when the enzyme is inhibited, their

💊NAPLEX MedFact. The combination of prednisolone and fluoroquinolones can increase the risk of tendon-related side effects, particularly tendonitis and tendon rupture. This interaction is more likely in older adults, patients with kidney disease, or those engaging in physical

💊NAPLEX MedFact. Co-administration of risperidone and carbamazepine can lower plasma levels of risperidone and its active metabolite, 9-hydroxyrisperidone. As a result, an increased risperidone dose may be necessary to maintain therapeutic efficacy.

💊NAPLEX MedFact. Key differences between neuromuscular blocking agents - depolarizing versus non-depolarizing types. 🔴Mechanism of Action 1⃣Depolarizing Agents: Mimic acetylcholine (ACh) and bind to nicotinic receptors, causing persistent depolarization of the motor

💊NAPLEX MedFact. ⚡️Imipenem is known to lower the seizure threshold, especially at high doses or in patients with risk factors like: 🔶Renal impairment (↓ drug clearance → higher CNS levels) 🔶CNS disorders (e.g. prior seizures, brain lesions) 🔶Elderly or critically ill

💊NAPLEX MedFact. Ixekizumab is a monoclonal antibody used to treat autoimmune conditions like psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis. ☑️It works by targeting and blocking interleukin-17A (IL-17A), a protein involved in the inflammatory response that drives

💊NAPLEX MedFact. Phenytoin side effects: 🟡Neurological 🔹nystagmus (involuntary eye movement) 🔹ataxia (loss of coordination) 🔹dizziness 🔹drowsiness 🔹slurred speech 🔹tremor 🟡Gastrointestinal 🔹nausea and vomiting 🔹constipation 🟡Chronic Use Effects 🔹gingival

💊NAPLEX MedFact. Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) is a test used to monitor the anticoagulant effect of unfractionated heparin. ☑️APTT measures the efficiency of the intrinsic and common coagulation pathways and helps determine whether the heparin dosage is within

💊NAPLEX MedFact. Amiodarone causes thyroid abnormalities because it contains a high iodine content and has direct toxic effects on thyroid cells. ☑️Each 200 mg tablet of amiodarone contains about 75 mg of iodine (hence its name, amIODarone), far exceeding the daily iodine

💊NAPLEX MedFact. Verapamil is a calcium channel blocker more likely to cause constipation than others in its class: ☑️This is due to its stronger effect on smooth muscle in the gastrointestinal tract, which slows bowel motility. ☑️Compared to other calcium channel blockers