A new essay explaining the Fed's community development function debuted earlier this year ow.ly/enEf50PS74A

A new essay on Fed History highlights the historical development of Federal Reserve work related to Native American communities since the 1990s ow.ly/WJzU50PQnmY

New short bios have been added for new leaders in the Federal Reserve System. See who's who: ow.ly/Smx450PQnnG

Published earlier this year, one of our newest essays explores the history of "redlining" and the Fed's responsibility to uphold the 1968 Fair Housing Act ow.ly/6zng50PQnoP

Keep up with our latest updates right on the Fed History site with our What's New page ow.ly/ncEs50PQnpi

The Fed History team adds new essays and other content under the guidance of the new Federal Reserve Historian, Jonathan Rose ow.ly/YqyX50PQnpJ

On October 12, 1977, President Carter signed the Community Reinvestment Act, or CRA, part of the Housing and Community Development Act, to encourage bank lending in low- and moderate-income communities ow.ly/blEC50PT1Fe

The Community Reinvestment Act was a response to the practice of many banks to not market their services in low- and moderate-income communities, a form of "redlining" ow.ly/gHJ050PT1Gw

Laws in the 1960s and early 1970s prohibited housing and lending discrimination, but many people believed redlining persisted despite these laws ow.ly/KPn350PT1I4

In the 1970s, discrimination wasn't the only factor inhibiting lending in low- and moderate-income communities, as then-Fed Chair Ben Bernanke discussed in a 2007 speech about the CRA ow.ly/OGHj50PT1J6

Senator William Proxmire argued in 1977 that in return for the benefits of a public charter, "it is legitimate for public policy and regulatory practice to require some public purpose" of banks ow.ly/MXOT50PT1LF

The Community Reinvestment Act requires regulators to take a bank's lending to "its entire community" into account when considering applications for mergers and new branches ow.ly/C8MO50PT1OW

Since the passage of the Community Reinvestment Act of 1977, there's been a lot of debate about its effects on bank profits, access to credit, and homeownership. In 2018, the Treasury Department issued a report on reforming CRA regulations ow.ly/ApQ750PT1Se

Community stakeholders, bankers, and policymakers have continued to debate whether the 1977 Community Reinvestment Act is necessary and whether it's efficient ow.ly/N8vL50PT1Yh

Subsequent laws have built on the foundation of the Community Reinvestment Act of 1977 in order to further support the banking needs of communities including low- and moderate-income neighborhoods ow.ly/q3Cs50PT1Zz

Did social networks speed up the bank runs of 2023? Federal Reserve historian Jonathan Rose talks about factors behind the runs. See the full video: ow.ly/WN9V50Q3Ctn

New on Fed History: Our most recent essay explores the history of the Fed's cash services, which ensure that currency and coin in circulation are sufficient to meet public demand ow.ly/Mk9W50QhCi0

Just added to Fed History: Our newest essay examines the Home Ownership and Equity Protection Act of 1994, which addresses unfair, deceptive, or abusive mortgage lending practices ow.ly/SAVa50QyuBZ

New on Fed History: Our most recent essay explores bank capital standards throughout the Fed's history ow.ly/2ucU50QX4NM

Along with the tragic loss of life, the 9/11 attacks caused major dislocations in financial markets. A new essay explores the Fed’s key role in responding to the crisis, using its authority to limit the economic fallout and support the US financial system ow.ly/qscs50TkAlB