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New short bios have been added for new leaders in the Federal Reserve System. See who's who: ow.ly/Smx450PQnnG

Published earlier this year, one of our newest essays explores the history of "redlining" and the Fed's responsibility to uphold the 1968 Fair Housing Act ow.ly/6zng50PQnoP

Keep up with our latest updates right on the Fed History site with our What's New page ow.ly/ncEs50PQnpi

The Fed History team adds new essays and other content under the guidance of the new Federal Reserve Historian, Jonathan Rose ow.ly/YqyX50PQnpJ

On October 12, 1977, President Carter signed the Community Reinvestment Act, or CRA, part of the Housing and Community Development Act, to encourage bank lending in low- and moderate-income communities ow.ly/blEC50PT1Fe

The Community Reinvestment Act was a response to the practice of many banks to not market their services in low- and moderate-income communities, a form of "redlining" ow.ly/gHJ050PT1Gw

Laws in the 1960s and early 1970s prohibited housing and lending discrimination, but many people believed redlining persisted despite these laws ow.ly/KPn350PT1I4

In the 1970s, discrimination wasn't the only factor inhibiting lending in low- and moderate-income communities, as then-Fed Chair Ben Bernanke discussed in a 2007 speech about the CRA ow.ly/OGHj50PT1J6

Senator William Proxmire argued in 1977 that in return for the benefits of a public charter, "it is legitimate for public policy and regulatory practice to require some public purpose" of banks ow.ly/MXOT50PT1LF

The Community Reinvestment Act requires regulators to take a bank's lending to "its entire community" into account when considering applications for mergers and new branches ow.ly/C8MO50PT1OW

Since the passage of the Community Reinvestment Act of 1977, there's been a lot of debate about its effects on bank profits, access to credit, and homeownership. In 2018, the Treasury Department issued a report on reforming CRA regulations ow.ly/ApQ750PT1Se

Community stakeholders, bankers, and policymakers have continued to debate whether the 1977 Community Reinvestment Act is necessary and whether it's efficient ow.ly/N8vL50PT1Yh

Subsequent laws have built on the foundation of the Community Reinvestment Act of 1977 in order to further support the banking needs of communities including low- and moderate-income neighborhoods ow.ly/q3Cs50PT1Zz

Did social networks speed up the bank runs of 2023? Federal Reserve historian Jonathan Rose talks about factors behind the runs. See the full video: ow.ly/WN9V50Q3Ctn

New on Fed History: Our most recent essay explores the history of the Fed's cash services, which ensure that currency and coin in circulation are sufficient to meet public demand ow.ly/Mk9W50QhCi0

Just added to Fed History: Our newest essay examines the Home Ownership and Equity Protection Act of 1994, which addresses unfair, deceptive, or abusive mortgage lending practices ow.ly/SAVa50QyuBZ

New on Fed History: Our most recent essay explores bank capital standards throughout the Fed's history ow.ly/2ucU50QX4NM

Along with the tragic loss of life, the 9/11 attacks caused major dislocations in financial markets. A new essay explores the Fed’s key role in responding to the crisis, using its authority to limit the economic fallout and support the US financial system ow.ly/qscs50TkAlB

In the early 1970s, the Fed considered building infrastructure for credit cards and other electronic point-of-sale payments that were still in development, such as debit cards. Learn more in our newest essay: ow.ly/VpNX50TwjQV

The Federal Home Loan Banks were established in 1932 to advance funds to home mortgage lenders that did not have access to the Federal Reserve System. Our newest essay explores the history of the FHLB: ow.ly/S8AV50U3g5V