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Still in 2008, despite the challenging motion effects of breathing and heartbeat, Dimitrios Davalos & Lab & Katerina Akassoglou did the almost impossible task in imaging microglia acutely & chronically in the spinal cord in vivo for the 1st time: pdf.sciencedirectassets.com/271055/1-s2.0-….🤩 #20YearsInVivoMGImaging

In 2009, in a remarkably revealing in vivo imaging study led my Wake et al., we learned that microglial tissue surveillance consists, at least in part, of microglial processes making contact with (pre- & post-) synaptic elements: jneurosci.org/content/jneuro….🤩 #20YearsInVivoMGImaging

In 2010, in a study led by Tremblay Lab, Tremblay et al., combined electron microscopy and in vivo two photon imaging in mice to further reveal that microglial-synapse interactions in the intact brain is modulated by experience:journals.plos.org/plosbiology/ar… .🤩 #20YearsInVivoMGImaging

In 2011, a study by Eichhoff et al. employed calcium dye loading approaches to monitor microglial Ca2+ dynamics for the first time in vivo. They reported limited activity at baseline that increases acutely after neuronal death: pdf.sciencedirectassets.com/271024/1-s2.0-….🤩 #20YearsInVivoMGImaging

In 2012, in a study led by Sieger et al. that used the developing zebrafish as a model, we learned glutamate release from neurons could transmit Ca2+-dependent signals to facilitate microglial attraction to injured neurons: pdf.sciencedirectassets.com/272236/1-s2.0-….🤩 #20YearsInVivoMGImaging

Still in 2012, Li et al. used the zebrafish to reveal a bidirectional communication axis between neurons & microglia where neurons recruit microglia through purinergic signaling & microglia subsequently dampen neuronal activity: cell.com/action/showPdf….🤩 #20YearsInVivoMGImaging

In 2013, in a study led by Nayak et al. from Dorain McGavern's group, we learned that microglia mount a strong transcriptional and vascular patrolling response to viral infection that is highly dependent on interferon signaling: journals.plos.org/plospathogens/….🤩 #20YearsInVivoMGImaging

In 2014, in a study led by Roth et al. again from Dorian McGavern's group, novel microglial phenotypes with in vivo imaging including "honeycomb" & "jellyfish" microglia were described following mild traumatic brain injury: nature.com/articles/natur….🤩 #20YearsInVivoMGImaging

In 2014, from back-to-back studies from the Brian macvicar and Wu Lab at UTHealth labs, we learned that a primary neuron-microglial communication axis involves a coupling of neuronal NMDAR to microglial P2RY12: jneurosci.org/content/jneuro… & jneurosci.org/content/jneuro…🤩 #20YearsInVivoMGImaging

Exciting new work by Leigh Ellen Fremuth who shows that targetting lysosomal dysfunction could be a promisiing approaxch to mitigate plaque deposition in AD. 🤩biorxiv.org/content/10.110…

In 2015, in a study by Condello et al. from the Jaime Grutzendler lab, we learned that microglia form a stable, protective barrier around parenchymal amyloid plaques to limit plaque expansion in mouse Alzheimer's Disease models: nature.com/articles/ncomm…🤩 #20YearsInVivoMGImaging

In 2016, in a study led by Grayson Sipe from Ania Majewska's lab, we learned that while P2RY12 receptors do not regulate microglial motility, they regulate microglial process complexity and synapse plasticity in the visual cortex: nature.com/articles/ncomm…🤩 #20YearsInVivoMGImaging

In 2017, in a study led by Askew et al. from the Diego Gomez-Nicola (Diego Gomez-Nicola) lab, it was shown that resident microglia maintain their density during adulthood by balancing low levels of apoptosis with rapid cell proliferation: sciencedirect.com/science/articl….🤩 #20YearsInVivoMGImaging

In 2018, in a study led by Akiyoshi et al., real-time in vivo imaging revealed that microglial process contact of neuronal spines increased spine Ca2+ dynamics and this activity was impaired upon microglial activation with LPS: eneuro.org/content/5/5/EN….🤩 #20YearsInVivoMGImaging

Still in 2018, in a study led by Eyo i.e. Eyo et al. from Wu Lab at UTHealth's lab, a subset of microglia were shown to patrol the brain through soma migrations under P2RY12 control in basal, seizure and whisker trimmed conditions cell.com/cell-reports/f….🤩 #20YearsInVivoMGImaging

Still in 2018, in a study led by Stowell et al., we learned through in vivo imaging that microglia show heterogeneity in their dynamics between the cortex & cerebellum with the larger shows remarkable brain patrol (translocation) onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.10….🤩 #20YearsInVivoMGImaging

In 2019, in a study by Hasselmann et al. from Blurton-Jones Lab, we got a first glimpse of human microglia in vivo with incredible cellular resolution following xenotransplantation into mice and what a beauty they are: cell.com/neuron/fulltex….🤩 #20YearsInVivoMGImaging

In 2020, in a study led by Umpierre et al. Tony Umpierre from Wu Lab at UTHealth lab, we learned that microglial calcium activity is increased by both changing neuronal activity indicating bi-directional sensitivity to neuronal activity elifesciences.org/articles/56502….🤩#20YearsInVivoMGImaging