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"El vino es el amigo del sabio y el enemigo del borracho. Es amargo y útil como el consejo del filósofo, está permitido a los inteligentes y prohibido a los imbéciles. Empuja al estúpido hacia las tinieblas y guía al sabio hacia Dios" Ibn Sina o Avicena.

Louisville, 1876

Lucca, Italy, during the Roman Empire

Cover!

Romans used water-powered sawmills, with the earliest known example being the Hierapolis sawmill in the Roman Asia (modern-day Türkiye 🇹🇷) dating back to 3rd Century AD. These sawmills utilized a waterwheel connected to a rotating shaft, which, through a system of gears, cranks,

Amo mucho este grabado de la Rhetorica Christiana de Diego de Valadés. 💖

Manuscrito de Glasgow. El manuscrito fue elaborado en la década de 1580, posiblemente en Tlaxcala. Registra el proceso de conquista y evangelización. El documento está relacionado con el Lienzo de Tlaxcala y la Descripción de la ciudad de Tlaxcala de Diego Muñoz Camargo.

The Dolmen de Bagneux is a megalithic tomb located in the town of Bagneux, near Saumur in the Loire Valley of France. It’s one of the largest dolmens in Europe, measuring about 18.5 meters (61 feet) in length and over 4 meters (13 feet) in height. Dating back to the Neolithic

The Cantalloc Aqueducts, built over 1,500 years ago by the Nazca civilization, remain a marvel of ancient engineering. Located in the arid deserts of southern Peru, these aqueducts were designed to tap into underground water sources, ensuring a steady supply in one of the driest

Venecia s. XVI ¦¦ Tenochtitlan s. XVI

Ayutthaya, the capital of the Siamese Kingdom of Ayutthaya, Thailand. 1683, by Mallet

Ottoman Map of Constantinople, 1531.

Pictorial Map of Hainan, China (19th century)

LOST MAYA CITY DISCOVERED ONLINE IN MEXICAN JUNGLE - In late 2024, a PhD student browsing Google uncovered what turned out to be one of the most significant Maya finds in years. The ancient city, named Valeriana, lay hidden under thick jungle in Campeche, Mexico, just 15 minutes

The School Mistress c. 1638 Abraham Bosse (Met Museum) You don't often see images of 17thC girls getting primary education.

The Education of the Virgin/La educación de la Virgen Miguel González Mexico, c. 1698 (Los Angeles County Museum of Art)

Wives at Table During the Absence of their Husbands c. 1636 Abraham Bosse (Met Museum) Some nice 17th century cutlery action caught here.

Cultural continuity 👌🏾

When European explorers ventured into the heart of South America, they observed an intriguing ritual among the native people: groups would gather in circles to share a warm infusion known as *caiguá*. In the poetic Guaraní language, this word was formed from *káa* (herb), *y*

La mujer con mascara roja de Rufino Tamayo