Sir Henry Head learned that “behind every conscious act lie many integrations” where it is almost impossible to “unravel that vast mass of dispositions which lie normally outside the field of consciousness.” youtube.com/live/rueFPw3Xi…

Aphasia Nation, Inc. (ANI) is surveying all 2,446 stroke-centered hospitals in the US with 418 hospitals surveyed so far; 386 hospitals (92%) provide little to no information about aphasia while 32 (8%) hospitals provide decent/good information about aphasia.

Thanks to the staff at the Brandeis University magazine for a great article, Speaking Out About a Hidden Language Disorder, and spreading the news about Aphasia, a language disorder that few people have ever heard of!

Freud researched the anatomy of the brain, neurological deficits, aphasia, and wrote On Aphasia, A Critical Study (1891) which was his first book before he shifted to psychoanalysis, Oedipus complex, regression and Freudian slips youtube.com/watch?v=wtnPKY…

Paul Broca, a French physician, is best known for his research on Broca's area, a region of the frontal lobe that is named after him. His work revealed that the brains of patients with aphasia have damage in the left frontal area of the brain. youtube.com/live/6XKQ8LuV6…

Carl Sagan (November 9, 1934 – December 20, 1996) was a world-famous astronomer talking about the “billions and billions” of stars in the universe, the Broca’s area, Broca’s Brain and the “billions and billions” of brain cells in our head! youtube.com/live/J992iOKPr…

Donald Hebb (1904-1985) “cells that fire together, wire together” explains brain function in terms of “associative connections between [assemblies] as threads of a tapestry are interwoven in making a larger pattern” of experience & education. youtube.com/live/4M-5cnJLH…

Dr. Brenda Milner (July 15, 1918, Manchester, England). She worked with the famous memory Patient H.M. for almost five decades and is one of the Heroes of the Engram, and still stands on the shoulders of others looking for the engram of memory youtube.com/live/4oIcFzNMD…

Alexander Romanovich Luria (16 July 1902 – 14 August 1977) was a Soviet neuropsychologist who described the different parts of the brain, not as confined centers, but as the “essential apparatus for organizing intellectual activity as a whole” youtube.com/live/dToSRFHZ0…

Lev Vygotsky (11/5/1896 – 6/11/1934) was a Soviet psychologist best known for his work on the internalization of higher mental functions and the zone of proximal development/scaffolding where the hardest tasks can lead to the greatest gains youtube.com/live/u0gyR2bLD…

William James (January 11, 1842 – August 26, 1910) coined the word, plasticity that converts thought and cognitive activities into new brain matter; as James said “in all education is to make our nervous system our ally instead of our enemy” youtube.com/live/pO-YVdsGq…

John Dewey (October 20, 1859 – June 1, 1952) was an educator and an aspiring neuroeducator who insisted that habit “is interpreted biologically” and every experience “modifies the one who” becomes a newly learned person induced by plasticity youtube.com/live/eJeVQBLZl…

Martha Taylor Sarno, M.A., MD (hc), CCC-SLP, BC-ANCDS (b: New York, November 25, 1927) is an international authority on aphasia for over 60 years and founded the National Aphasia Association (NAA) in 1987 to raise aphasia awareness nationwide youtube.com/live/l9R1gp9Lk…

Marian Cleeves Diamond (11/11/1926 – 7/25/2017) was an American scientist and educator and one of the founders of modern neuroscience. Her research provided the evidence that the brain changes with experience in an enriched environment youtube.com/live/QpPAGfSpf…

Fridtjof Nansen (October 10, 1861 – May 13, 1930) was a Norwegian polymath and Nobel Peace Prize laureate. He gained prominence at various points in his life as an explorer, diplomat, humanitarian and as Norway’s first brain scientist youtube.com/live/s8y9dcAYU…

Gerald Edelman (July 1, 1929 – May 17, 2014) was an American biologist who coined the term, Neural Darwinism, regarding his theory of neuronal group selection, natural selection, evolution and plasticity, the foundation of all learning youtube.com/live/AfhFgcOeB…

Phineas P. Gage (1823–1860) was a railroad construction foreman remembered for his amazing survival of an accident on 9-13-1848, when a large iron rod was driven completely through his head, destroying much of his brain's left frontal lobe youtube.com/live/IXjqk59g6…

Turkana Boy had a Broca’s area but was still unable to speak yet (also called Nariokotome Boy), given to the fossil, KNM-WT 15000, a nearly complete skeleton of a Homo ergaster (meaning ‘working man’) who lived ~ 1.6 million years ago youtube.com/live/gKSDxPpKZ…

This one-page PDF with the names of the 24 brain/stroke/aphasia scientists hyperlinked to each article. It is a gift on behalf of Aphasia Nation’s Annual Facebook fundraising event on Tom’s 72nd birthday. It is on AphasiaNation.org youtube.com/live/fbF7JkscP….

Aphasia is a language disorder also with nonlanguage deficits as a result of the damaged neural capacities that affects “the patient’s total reaction pattern due to a disturbance of the integrating capacity of the cortex” youtube.com/live/6fG4SFM53… .