Premature beats are the most common compensatory pattern changes seen on ECG. We encounter patients with (PVCs or PACs) almost daily. Even healthy individuals may show PVC or PAC on a 24-hour Holter test. But are these pathological or merely physiological compensations?

Pre- and Post-PTCA Comparison Today, we introduce a clinically essential, simple, and highly practical application. A 42-year-old male patient presented to the emergency department with acute severe angina. BNP testing was performed immediately but requires time for results.

47-year-old female with a history of hypertension (HBP) for years and occasional chest pain. *ECG Findings:* - Conventional ECG: Shows ST-elevation myocardial infarction (MI). - new ECG: Identified as normal. - Coronary angiography: Confirmed that LAD, RCA, and LCx are all

Historically, the foundational principles and theories of cardiac electrophysiology in textbooks were largely speculative, as single-cell membrane potential recordings were derived from isolated, independent experiments, lacking a comprehensive view of the heart’s

S-T Interval (Standard Reference) S-T interval = ST segment + T segment ≤ 380 ms Conventional electrocardiograms (ECGs) cannot differentiate the ST segment from the T wave in temporal data, as the ST-T interval is captured as a single continuous waveform. However, alterations

The cardiac conduction system, comprising the Sinoatrial Node (SAN), atrial tissue, Atrioventricular Node (AVN), His bundle, and bundle branches, consists of specialized fibers with distinct depolarization and repolarization properties. These differences arise from variations in

*Heart Failure: A Global Challenge and the Role of Advanced Diagnostics* Heart failure (HF) remains the most prevalent cardiovascular condition worldwide, carrying the highest mortality rate among cardiac diseases. Even in the absence of other heart conditions, HF is a leading

Comparison of Pre- and Post-Operative Findings for Dual AVN Pathway with Complicated AVN Reentrant Tachycardia Pre-Operative Findings The white arrow indicates the retrograde potential, located near the endocardium, originating at the atrial-nodal (AN) site of the

Countless researchers have attempted to uncover new waveforms within the ECG without success, leading to the widespread but mistaken belief that further innovation in ECG technology is impossible. The key issue lies in an insufficient understanding of the fundamental principles

The assumption that finer ECG waveforms improve diagnostic accuracy is misguided. From the perspective of electrocardiography, cardiac signals captured from the body surface represent only an estimated 0.3% of total cardiac electrical activity and are significantly distorted by

When the myocardial layer is blocked during a myocardial infarction, electrical current must be conducted, resulting in an alternating upward and downward pattern. This forms a split and depression, with the amplitude potentially related to the extent of the damaged myocardial

In 1967, Anthony Damato, the founder of invasive clinical practice, presented a related conjecture. Damato’s updated revision of Hoffman’s hypothesis focused on the elongation of the atrial wave, which overlaps with the AV node wave. He was a pioneer in the clinical application

In 1964, Brian Hoffman, often referred to as the "father of invasive electrophysiology," proposed a conjecture. Hoffman’s hypothesis identified the anatomical locations of the EKG’s PR interval in canines. He conducted his experiments on the specialized cardiac tissues (SCT) of

Clinical Value of a New Detection Method for Atrial Fibrillation (AF) Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common heart conditions, affecting approximately 25% of individuals over 65 years old and a leading cause of stroke. In 2015, the U.S. reported about 1.5 million

PhysioSign's Traditional ECG Green is the color of the conventional ECG. There are 4 dots in this corner, which cannot be displayed on traditional ECGs. These represent the initial and terminal ends of Purkinje fibers. They are not arcs. Image Definition: PhysioSign's