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PALM RASHES Common features & patterns : 🔹Color: 👉Red or erythematous: Inflammatory or allergic. 👉Purple or purpuric: Vascular or hematologic issues (vasculitis). 👉White or hypopigmented: Fungal infections or depigmentation disorders. 👉Brown or hyperpigmented: Chronic skin

Kaposi-Stemmer sign: 👉Clinical indicator to assess the presence of lymphedema (in the limbs). 👉Involves attempting to pinch & lift the skin at the base of the toes or fingers. 👉Positive Sign is characterized by the inability to pinch and lift the skin 👉Indicates subcutaneous

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT): 👉Suspected develops thrombocytopenia (<150,000/μl) or 👉A > 50% fall in the platelet count after 5 days of heparin therapy. 🔸Platelet count should be repeated & blood film examined to exclude platelet clumping causing

Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) (aka: Landry–Guillain–Barré–Strohl syndrome: 👉Most common cause of acute flaccid paralysis 👉Rapidly progressive ascending paralysis & areflexia 👉Autonomic dysfunction 👉CSF albumin-cytologic dissociation. 👉Sensory & motor systems may be equally

Digoxin: 👉MOA: 🔸Inhibits Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase → ↑ intracellular Ca²⁺ → ↑ contractility (inotropy). 🔸Vagal stimulation → ↓ AV node conduction (rate control in AF). 👉Indications: 🔸Atrial fibrillation/flutter (rate control in hypotensive/CHF patients). 🔸HFrEF (symptomatic

👉Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) 🔹Non-specific (infections vs non-infectious) 🔹≥2 of the following: 🔸Temp >38°C or <36°C 🔸HR >90 bpm 🔸RR >20 or PaCO₂ <32 mmHg 🔸WBC >12,000/mm³, <4,000/mm³, or >10% bands 👉Sepsis 🔹Organ dysfunction due to dys-regulated

dharsaty.com The images on this website are high-definition. To enhance your viewing experience, right-click on an image and select "Open image in new tab." This will allow you to see the image in its full resolution without any cropping or scaling. Satyendra Dhar, MD SFHM

Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test 👉Total PSA (tPSA): 🔹Measures overall PSA levels in the blood. 🔹Used as the primary screening test. 👉Free PSA (fPSA): 🔹Measures unbound PSA. 🔹Lower free PSA % suggests a higher cancer risk. 👉PSA Density (PSAD): 🔹Adjusts PSA levels

Wishing all a profoundly auspicious and exalted Maha Shivratri! May the celestial benedictions of Lord Shiva pervade your soul with serenity, fortitude, and transcendental wisdom. On this hallowed night of divine convergence, may His ethereal grace obliterate all despondency,

Urinalysis & Disorders: 👉Alkaptonuria 🔹Homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase deficiency. 🔹Urine darkens upon standing. 🔹Ochronosis, early-onset arthritis. 👉Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD) 🔹Defective branched-chain amino acid metabolism. 🔹Sweet, maple syrup-like urine odor.

Guillain-Barré Syndrome: "Imagine waking up one morning, feeling a slight tingling in your toes. By evening, your legs feel weak, and within days, you can barely stand. Your body, once strong, is now failing you—piece by piece. This isn’t a nightmare; this is Guillain-Barré

Diabetes (DM) in chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): ''Think of your kidneys as the body's VIP bouncers, keeping the bad stuff out and the good stuff flowing. But when diabetes crashes the party, high blood sugar starts messing with the tiny filters, making them weak and leaky. Over

Biliary system & Physiology Deep in your abdomen, the biliary system works like an efficient backstage crew, managing digestion without much fanfare. The liver, ever the workaholic, churns out half a liter of bile daily, packed with everything needed to break down fats. It hands

Key Takeaway points in Medicine: As new medical residents, it's essential to build a strong foundation in both clinical reasoning and patient-centered care. Prioritize thorough history-taking and physical exams, use evidence-based guidelines, and avoid unnecessary testing or

Trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux): "Imagine your face has a super-sensitive alarm system—the trigeminal nerve. It’s supposed to quietly handle sensations like touch, warmth, or a gentle breeze. But with trigeminal neuralgia, that system goes haywire. Suddenly, even mild

Sepsis This is what happens when your immune system gets a little too enthusiastic about fighting infection. Instead of just sending a polite response team, it calls in the SWAT team, the fire department, and maybe even the marching band—for a paper cut. The result? Widespread

Legionnaires’Disease: "Picture your lungs as a fancy hotel—valet air service, sparkling clean rooms, and excellent housekeeping. But then Legionella bacteria show up like rowdy guests sneaking in through the water system—hot tubs, showers, or cooling towers—ready to throw a wild