Many archaeologists and anthropologists worked as spies while in foreign countries such as Ethiopia. theguardian.com/science/2003/s…

Herto 1 and Qafzeh 25, two very crushed and deformed skulls. Verty difficult to tell what the real face looked like.

Higher genetic diversity observed within the archaic human clade relative to present-day human populations allows several important inferences. First, greater diversity does not imply a survival advantage, as Neanderthals and Denisovans ultimately went extinct. Second, elevated

Are Neanderthals closer to West Africans than Europeans? Were the ANE a mix of European and Native American ancestry? No and no, but why do some PCAs show things like this? Find out in part 7 in my popgen video series. I'm covering Drift, PCs, projection G25 and more!

This chart shows that when using data that is corrected for distortion of the skull, Omo 2 and LH 18 cluster 90% with Homo ergaster, not early Homo sapiens as the raw, uncorrrected data indicate.

In this chart 330ka Jebel Irhoud and 430ka Sima de los Huesos from Spain form a cluster. Ndutu from central Africa also clusters, suggesting a possible Into Africa migration from the Mediterranean.

Given the fact that Neanderthals have both Sapiens yDNA and mtDNA, there is nothing precluding a model whereby Sapiens are the a branch of Neanderthals, rather than the other way around...

Given the fact that Neanderthals such as Saccopastore, Shanidar, Tabun and others cluster closer to Modern Humans than any other population, it is fair to say that Neanderthals are the most likely ancestor of modern humans....