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A #nudge improves a decision environment. A #boost improves a decision competency. This paper argues against Sunstein's suggestion that boosts are thus educative or reflective (System 2) interventions. doi.org/10.1007/s11299… #BehavioralScience #Policy #PhilSci #CogSci #Edu

Trading Spaces: Social Media Edition

Peer review is still crucial in #science and #scholarship. A beautiful #preprint - finds few scholars get formal #education in #peerReview. - distills scholars' ideas about improving peer review. - offers recommendations for #training and implementation. osf.io/preprints/osf/…

Can task-switching hinder decisions? Switching between a reflection test and a fluid #IQ test lowered optimal reflection test scores and completion compared to taking the tests separately (N = 80). Bad news for #multitasking? ianburbidge.com/wp-content/upl… #productivity #cogSci #edu

Doctors can use their social/professional networks to get access to personal medical care. Four polls about whether a theoretical doctor’s actions re this are okay: 1) A doctor texts their dermatologist friend a picture of their kid’s rash to ask whether it requires treatment.

Will #AI rigidly hold the moral values of its original decision or adapt as #ethics dilemmas become more complex? Across 3,302 five-step #moralDilemmas, 9 #LLMs often shifted priorities as stakes rose (e.g., care → fairness). Some violated transitivity. doi.org/10.48550/arXiv…

Why can economic #inequality depress the #minimumWage? An is-ought #fallacy? From over 135,000 people in #protests, experiments, and #processTracing studies, scientists found that people seemed to infer what people OUGHT to earn from what they DO earn. doi.org/10.1037/xge000…

#Checklists have massive benefit in #aviation, #engineering, and #medicine. Now #cognitiveScience has a list of 51 simple yes-no questions (from experts around the world) to design and assess #research — its quality, #reproducibility, etc. doi.org/10.3758/s13428… #philSci #edu

In 2017, researchers asked if people want #AI making decisions in #medicine. People's #ethics didn’t explain much, but the #statusQuo did. The more people thought AI *is* making decisions, the more they thought it *should*. 🔒 doi.org/10.1145/327872… 🔓 users.cs.duke.edu/~conitzer/when…

#Teaching med. students about base rates and bayesian updating improved their diagnoses more than merely practicing differential #diagnosis on various cases (F = 9.07, p < 0.001), which was no better than the control condition! doi.org/10.1001/jamane… #medicine #edu #stats #RCT

Upper respiratory infections (or common colds) tend to be viral; so #antibiotics are usually inappropriate. Prescribing #plantBased alternatives predicted less antibiotic #prescription, even among clinicians without additional training in #naturopathy. doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2…

Global trust in scientists was above the midpoint (even for #climate scientists) across 69k people from 68 nations. Trust was predicted more by #religion than #politics or #science #literacy. Political gaps in trust (climate v general) varied by nation. dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9…

What will best #nudge people to buy healthier #food online? - #Nutrition visual aids - Customizable #search - "Sort by" #defaults In one experiment, only changing default sorting from alphabetical to healthiness helped (N ≅ 1k). doi.org/10.1016/j.food… #webDev #edu #health

What's it cost to treat #diet-related conditions in the #USA? In adults from 2021 and 2022: - Annual cost to treat was ≅ $4000 on average - Total expenditure was ≅ $334,000,000,000 - The federal #govt paid for most of that meps.ahrq.gov/data_files/pub… #nutrition #medicine #policy

#AI reasoning models may seem to reason reflectively when they say things like, "Let me rethink that". But do these "reflective" phrases predict better reasoning performance? Not in #Deepseek R1 Zero: doi.org/10.48550/arXiv… #cogSci #decisionScience #processTracing #psychology

A "stretch goal" is an attempt to accomplish seemingly impossible results. Unsurprisingly, they're often unfulfilled. Two studies found that employees with more #stretchGoals exhibited more #fear of failure, #anxiety, and even #unethical #work behaviors. doi.org/10.1007/s10551…

📊🇨🇭 For the next couple days, I'm posting about talks and posters from the 2025 BioXPhi Summit in #Switzerland. Follow on #BlueSky: bsky.app/profile/byrdni… The #conference website: ibmb.unibas.ch/en/public-outr… #bioethics #xPhi #medicine #healthcare #policy #cogSci #psychology #AI

New studies on the ordinary concept of disease (from Varga, Latham & Machery) The surprising result: People are more inclined to think that what you have counts as a “disease” if you are a morally bad person philpapers.org/archive/VARTWA… Geography of Philosophy Project