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If the additions of al-Zuhrī are not reliable (even when an alternative reading is absent), then the raising of his chains is even more unreliable where we possess Hishām's versions which clearly lack a complete chain. This "idrāj" is often ignored.

Trad Ḥadīth Criticism be like:

This is not a study by Oxford University. This is merely published in a journal that is published by their press. As for the contents of the study, author determination is very difficult and the majority of stylometric models, including this one, are not tested in sample data.

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Ibn ʿArabī affirmed what might be termed as "white magic" and the power of letters. Summoning the power of talismans is still very common in non-Salafi Sufic Sunni Islam.