Galaxies moving towards us, like Andromeda, give us a blue-shifted light spectrum, whereas galaxies moving away give us a red-shifted light spectrum

In 2017, Rainer Weiss, Barry Barish, and Kip Thorne won the Nobel Prize in Physics for the detection of Gravitational waves in 2015, which were predicted by Einstein in 1915

The Second Law of Thermodynamics says that, in any isolated system, the total entropy never decreases. It either stays the same or increases. Since the Universe is considered an isolated system, this law applies to the entire Universe

R136a1 is the most massive and luminous star known. Located in The Large Magellanic Cloud, a dwarf galaxy orbiting the Milky Way, this star is 163,000 light-years away from us. It has roughly 8.7 million times the luminosity of the Sun, and it is 250 times as massive

On average, Mercury is the closest neighbour to each of the other seven planets in the solar system

A day on the Moon, based on the time it takes the Sun to return to the same position in the sky, is 29.5 Earth days, which means that a spot on the Moon would get a little over two weeks of daylight followed by an equal amount of nighttime in continuous darkness

The holographic principle in cosmology suggests that all the information contained within a volume of space can be described by information encoded on the boundary of that space. This implies that the fundamental nature of the universe might be lower-dimensional than it appears

Earth’s diameter is 12,742,000 metres. The metre is officially defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the speed of light in vacuum to be 299,792,458 when expressed in metres per second

A supernova is the explosive death of a star. A typical supernova releases as much energy in seconds as the Sun will in its entire 10 billion-year life

There are 3 types of neutrinos: electron neutrino, muon neutrino & tau neutrino. They oscillate from one type to another as they travel through space. Experimental physicists are trying to determine if they could also oscillate into a hypothetical fourth type: sterile neutrino

Jupiter's moon Ganymede is the largest in our Solar System, it is larger than Mercury and Pluto

Time and space are relative; they depend on the observer's frame of reference. The speed of light is absolute

If the Sun were replaced by a black hole of the same mass, Earth’s orbit wouldn't change

The distance between the Earth and Venus depends on where they are in their orbits. It goes from 42 million km to 257 million km

A black hole’s entropy is proportional to the area of its event horizon, not its volume

Valles Marineris is the most striking feature on the surface of Mars. It is a 4000 km canyon reaching depths of up to 7 km

Earth has a density of 5.514 g/cm³, the highest of any planet in the Solar System, whereas Saturn, the least dense planet, has a density of 0.687 g/cm³, which is less than that of water

The gravitational constant determines the strength of gravity. If it were slightly stronger, stars would burn faster and more erratically, disrupting planetary systems. If it were weaker, stars might not ignite nuclear fusion, and the Universe would lack energy sources for life

Uranus's ring system, discovered in 1977, is composed of 13 separate rings made from methane ice

The fastest speed ever achieved by a human being was 39,937 kilometres per hour relative to Earth (roughly Mach 32, over 32 times faster than sound), reached in 1969 by the crew on board the Apollo 10 mission to the Moon