Romans 9:22 carefully says “vessels of wrath fitted for destruction”—not “whom God fitted,” but in the passive voice without naming the agent. Contrast this with “he prepared beforehand for glory” in v. 23, which is active and divine. The grammar is deliberate: God actively

Reformed theology does not teach that the reprobate are never offered Christ. The gospel comes to them truly and sincerely. What they lack is not an offer—but a will to receive it. And they are justly condemned, not for lacking grace, but for resisting the truth they do receive.

In the Supper, Christ is not carnally present in the bread, nor is the bread transformed—but neither is it “just a wafer.” Through faith, by the Spirit, we truly feed on Christ. This is no bare memorial, nor a dead ordinance, but a real communion with the risen Lord.

Molinism fails to ground God’s knowledge of future events in His own nature. It proposes that God knows what creatures would do in hypothetical situations because He sees how their free wills would behave in certain circumstances. But this approach assumes that truth—especially

In Scripture, “tongues” are human languages—real, intelligible languages unknown to the speaker but known to others (Acts 2:6–11). There’s no biblical evidence that tongues were ever mere ecstatic utterances or non-human sounds. Paul’s concern in 1 Corinthians was misuse and lack

The Reformed view holds that God is the sole author of salvation but not the author of damnation in the same way. There is a crucial asymmetry in how election and reprobation are carried out. Election involves God’s gracious and effectual action to bring sinners to faith and

God calls all to repentance and the gospel is the appointed means by which the Spirit brings sinners to salvation. The Spirit operates in all who hear—many resist Him, but in the elect, at God’s appointed time, He works effectually to bring them to faith. We evangelize because