The Woodpecker

A woodpecker can rapidly reciprocate its head to pound into a slab of wood 22 times each second. During each impact, the head of the woodpecker experiences 1,200 g’s of acceleration (1,200 times the acceleration of gravity). That rate of acceleration would turn

Fractal Geometry of DNA

The 6 billion bits of information that comprise the DNA in our cells is approximately 6 feet long. This 6 feet of DNA in each of our cells is folded up and compacted into a microscopically-sized nucleus. If all of the DNA in our entire body was unwound

The baleen whale has a specialized filter located in the upper jaw for filtering out small krill, plankton, and fish from ocean water. This filter is constructed out of the protein keratin.

At the base of the filter, the keratin forms regularly spaced plates. Towards the edges,

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Bone Collagen

The structure and properties of bone tissue is amazing. The structure and chemical composition of bone optimizes strength, weight, flexibility, toughness, and resilience. Bone can stop the propagation of micro-cracks before they turn into a fracture, and it can

Air Force fighter jets have learned to mimic birds who fly in a V formation. Why do birds fly in this formation when they are migrating long distances?

Researchers had a number of theories to explain the purpose of this flight formation. Through detailed studies, they were able

The King penguin uses its beak to reflect ultraviolet (UV) light as a means of attracting a mate. The photoreceptors in the eyes of penguins are tuned to see ultraviolet wavelengths.

Scientists were perplexed by how the beak reflects ultraviolet light, as they were not able to

How We Sense Heat

Scientists have solved the three-dimensional atomic structure of one of the receptors in our cells involved in measuring heat. This receptor is called TRPV2. The structure of this protein is shown below.

It forms a perfectly symmetric nano-sized pore in our

The baleen whale has a specialized filter located in the upper jaw for filtering out small krill, plankton, and fish from ocean water. This filter is constructed out of the protein keratin.

At the base of the filter, the keratin forms regularly spaced plates. Towards the edges,

Whales can travel thousands of miles in the ocean and navigate to their final destination with amazing precision. Over certain legs of the trip they can move in a perfectly straight line and not deviate from this line over a thousand miles by more than 0.4 degrees.

Scientists

Orca whales possess incredible underwater listening capabilities. They can hear sounds that are very soft in volume, to sounds that are extremely loud— with frequencies up to 120 kilohertz. And they can do so in tremendous depths of water which exist at high pressure.

What came first, the chicken or the eggshell?

Did you know that there are specialized protein-based enzymes (nano-machines) that create the microstructure of an egg shell?

Shown below on the left of the image is the atomic structure of a protein called ovocleidin-17. The

Insects like grasshoppers and flies have a strong exoskeleton that is called a cuticle. The cuticle is extremely light, strong, and has the perfect balance of rigidity and flexibility.

Scientists have attempted to recreate the structure of the cuticle in order to develop