⚕️Risk of Weight Gain l Antipsychotic Drugs 🔴HIGHEST RISK ✔️olanzapine ✔️clozapine ✔️chlorpromazine 🟠MEDIUM RISK ✔️quetiapine ✔️risperidone ✔️paliperidone 🟢LOWEST RISK ✔️asenapine ✔️amisulpride ✔️lurasidone ✔️aripiprazole ✔️ziprasidone ✔️haloperidol #NAPLEX

⚠️At high doses, loop diuretics can cause hearing loss and/or tinnitus. #NAPLEX

⚠️Heparin Therapy Notes ◾️Heparin is administered parenterally because it is not absorbed by the gut due to its large size and high negative charge. ◾️Heparin can be given through intravenous or subcutaneous injections, but intramuscular injections are avoided because they can

❌'Red man syndrome' as a term no longer exists. ✅Vancomycin-flushing syndrome (VFS) is the term now used to describe the upper body erythema and flushing associated with this antibacterial drug. #NAPLEX

⚕️Valproic Acid Dosage l Complex Partial Seizures Epilepsy - Usual Adult Dose Initial dose: 10 to 15 mg/kg/day orally; doses greater than 250 mg/day should be given in divided doses. Increase in increments of 5 to 10 mg/kg weekly as necessary to achieve optimal response.

💊Top 12 Drug-induced Causes of Hyperkalemia ✔️ACE inhibitors (such as enalapril, ramipril; they decrease aldosterone levels, which reduces potassium excretion in the kidneys, potentially leading to hyperkalemia) ✔️Angiotensin-receptor blockers (such as candesartan and

☠️A rare, but important adverse effect of bisphosphonates is atypical femoral fracture - particularly in patients taking bisphosphonates at high doses for prolonged periods. #NAPLEX

⚠️Droperidol is highly effective at preventing post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Dosage: Dependent on patient factors such as age, body weight, morbidity, other medicines taken, anesthetic type etc. Maximum recommended initial dose is 2.5 mg IM or slow IV. Additional

💊Lactulose and Hepatic Encephalopathy Lactulose is a synthetic sugar that can be used in the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy. Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a decline in brain function that occurs when the liver is unable to adequately remove toxins, especially ammonia,

💊Tenofovir and Nephrotoxicity l Review Tenofovir is an antiviral drug widely used in the treatment of HIV and chronic hepatitis B. It belongs to the class of nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and works by inhibiting viral replication. However, one of the

⚪️Ergocalciferol Ergocalciferol is a drug used to treat and prevent vitamin D deficiency. Excessive ergocalciferol can result in the following: ✔️increased urine production ✔️hypertension ✔️kidney stones ✔️kidney failure ✔️muscle weakness ✔️constipation High doses taken for

🔴Skin Rash and Lamotrigine Skin rash is relatively common in patients taking the anticonvulsant drug, lamotrigine. Serious skin rashes can happen at any time during treatment with lamotrigine, but is more likely to happen within the first 2 to 8 weeks of treatment. #NAPLEX

⚠️Contraindications l Calcium Channel Blockers ✔️Severe hypotension ✔️Cardiogenic shock ✔️Second or third-degree heart block ✔️Acute myocardial infarction with pulmonary congestion ✔️Severe aortic stenosis #NAPLEX

⚠️Antipsychotic Drugs l Administration Sedating antipsychotics - such as quetiapine, olanzapine, and clozapine - are best taken before bed. Stimulant antipsychotics - such as aripiprazole, risperidone, and lurasidone - are best taken in the morning or afternoon.

⚠️IV morphine should only be administered in high dependency zones as adverse effects can be significantly more pronounced. IV morphine should be administered incrementally - such as 1 - 2mg every few minutes - to achieve the target therapeutic outcome. #NAPLEX

⚕️Ulipristal acetate ▪️ used to treat uterine fibroids. It's also used as emergency contraception. ▪️ it works as a SPRM - selective progesterone receptor modulator. ▪️ ulipristal acetate should not be taken by women with severe liver diseases due to CYP mediated metabolism.

💊Barium Sulfate ✔️contrast agent used during X-rays. ✔️it is a non-iodinated contrast media. ✔️not recommended in patients with intestinal perforation or bowel obstruction. ✔️side effects include constipation or diarrhea, appendicitis, and if inhaled, pneumonitis. ✔️taken

⚠️Haloperidol and QT Interval Haloperidol can prolong the QT interval. This risk increases with other drugs that also cause QT interval prolongation. This includes: ▪️ macrolides ▪️ fluoroquinolones ▪️ amiodarone ▪️ antiarrhythmic drugs ▪️ antipsychotics ▪️ azole antifungals

⚠️Natalizumab and PML Natalizumab (Tysabri) is a drug used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis and Crohn's disease. It works against the cell adhesion molecule α4-integrin, and is administered via IV infusion. Natalizumab is known to cause PML - progessive multifocal