Surgery is recommended or considered in diagnosed adeenocortical carcinoma, Cushing's syndrome with C/F, pheochromocytoma, diagnosed primary aldosteronism, mass >4cm, mass increase by 1 cm in serial monitoring.
Satinath Yin Myo Han Alex Kane

Adrenal biopsies should not be done if there is suspicion that the adrenal mass is adrenocortical carcinoma or pheochromocytoma.
Satinath Yin Myo Han Alex Kane Akram Khan Dr Raka Sheohare Diabetologist Hindi Poet Writer Omer Abdulgader

About 80% - 85% of catecholamine secreting tumours are PHEOs, while 15% - 20% are PGLs.
30% - 40% patients with PHEO/ PGL have disesse causing germline mutations.
Satinath Yin Myo Han Alex Kane Akram Khan nadia Dr Raka Sheohare Diabetologist Hindi Poet Writer Omer Abdulgader

Predisposing factors of testicular tumours include testicular malddescent, klinefelters, Down's, tobacoco use and exposure to environment with oestrogenic activity.
95%are of germ cell origin and 5 % are stromal or leydig cells Satinath Yin Myo Han

Testicular tumours are sometime misdiagnosed as epididymitis/epididymo-orchitis. Testicular tumours may co exist with hydrocele, so patients with hydrocele should have scrotal US.
Satinath Akram Khan Yin Myo Han Alexander Kam nadia

VIPomas cause watery diarrhoea, hypokalemia and achlorhyrldria diagnosed bely elevated serum VIP levels. This is also known as pancreatic cholera. Surgery is treatment of choice.
Satinath Yin Myo Han Alexander Kam Akram Khan nadia

Glucago antagonizes insulin in liver by stimulating glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. Glucagonomas cause DM, wt loss, characteristic rash(necrlytic migratory erythema). Patients have high risk of thromboembolic events Satinath Yin Myo Han Alexander Kam

Whipple's triad
Symptoms of Hypoglycemia, glucose levels < 3mmol/l, resolution of symtopms with correction of hypoglycemia
Satinath Yin Myo Han Alexander Kam Akram Khan Omer Abdulgader Dr Raka Sheohare Diabetologist Hindi Poet Writer

Carcinoid crisis are pricipitated by any procedure or manipulation, or by adrenergicor sympathomimetic or MAOI.
It can be treated with IV octreotide and hydrocortisone
Satinath Akram Khan Alexander Kam Yin Myo Han Dr Raka Sheohare Diabetologist Hindi Poet Writer Omer Abdulgader

Check out this #BACR 2022 featured article: Metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma: a new way forward authored by Anna Angelousi et al. University of Athens ow.ly/THBH30smwOE

Immunotherapy in aggressive pituitary tumors and carcinomas: a systematic review. A #BACR 2022 featured article, by Mirela Diana Ilie et al. Mirela-Diana ILIE, MD MSc CRCL ow.ly/hJij30smwOF