What Does ACID Mean?

Below is a breakdown of the ACID properties, which are critical to the operations of database transactions.

🔹 Atomicity
A transaction is a single unit of operation – either all its data modifications are performed, or none are. If a fault occurs during the

Software Testing Basics

Testing is crucial in software development to verify applications operate as expected, meet requirements, and run reliably. Key testing methods:

1. Unit Testing: Validates individual code components in isolation to ensure they function properly.

2.

Cookie Basics 🍪

At its core, HTTP is stateless - each request/response cycle stands on its own, with the server forgetting everything after responding. But often we need to remember things between requests, like user logins or shopping carts. That's where cookies come in.

System design cheat sheet

It includes 15 core concepts. Save it for future reference!

🔹 Requirement gathering
🔹 System architecture
🔹 Data design
🔹 Domain design
🔹 Scalability
🔹 Reliability
🔹 Availability
🔹 Performance
🔹 Security
🔹 Maintainability
🔹 Testing
🔹 User

Cookies vs sessions for managing user session

Cookies and sessions are both used to carry user login credentials and permissions over HTTP requests.

🔹 Cookies
- Cookies typically have size limits of 4KB
- Used to store user login credentials or permissions
- Sent with each

Inter-Process Communication Explained

Inter-process communication (IPC) refers to methods that allow processes to exchange data and coordinate actions. Here's an overview of the key IPC mechanisms in UNIX-like operating systems like Linux.

𝗣𝗶𝗽𝗲𝘀

Pipes connect the input

Top 12 Tips for API Security

- Use HTTPS
- Use OAuth2
- Use WebAuthn
- Use Leveled API Keys
- Authorization
- Rate Limiting
- API Versioning
- Whitelisting
- Check OWASP API Security Risks
- Use API Gateway
- Error Handling
- Input Validation

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How Data Travels Through the Layers of the Internet

As data is transmitted over the internet, it passes through several layers of communication protocols. The TCP/IP model provides a more practical framework compared to the theoretical OSI model. We examine how data becomes

Git can seem confusing at first, but a few key concepts make it clearer:

There are 4 locations for your code:
- Working Directory
- Staging Area
- Local Repository
- Remote Repository (like GitHub)

Basic commands move code between these locations:
- git add stages changes
- git

REST API Cheatsheet

It covers:

✅ The six fundamental principles of REST API design
✅ Key components like HTTP methods, protocols, and versioning
✅ Practical tips on pagination, filtering, and endpoint design

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Top 5 Kafka Use Cases

Originally built for log processing, Kafka now powers a wide range of applications. Its durable message storage and flexible data access enables consumers to pull records at their convenience.

Here are some popular Kafka use cases:

- 𝗟𝗼𝗴

Push Notification System: The Basics

Push notifications keep users engaged, but setting up a solid system can be quite the challenge. We're talking in-app notifications, emails, SMS, and even social media pushes – it's a lot to handle!

So, how does it all work?

🔹 First off,

Scaling Database: When and How to Shard

Database sharding refers to splitting data across multiple database servers and is commonly used for scaling. However, sharding introduces major operational and infrastructure complexity that should be 𝗮𝘃𝗼𝗶𝗱𝗲𝗱 𝘂𝗻𝗹𝗲𝘀𝘀

Encoding vs. Encryption vs. Tokenization

Encoding, encryption, and tokenization are three distinct processes that handle data in different ways for various purposes, including data transmission, security, and compliance. In system design, it's important to choose the right

Ever wonder what it means when your manager asks you to design for 'high availability,' 'high scalability,' or 'high throughput'? Let me break it down in simple terms.

𝗛𝗶𝗴𝗵 𝗔𝘃𝗮𝗶𝗹𝗮𝗯𝗶𝗹𝗶𝘁𝘆 - 𝗞𝗲𝗲𝗽𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗦𝗲𝗿𝘃𝗶𝗰𝗲 𝗨𝗽 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗥𝘂𝗻𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗴

This

How does HTTPS work?

Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) is an extension of HTTP that utilizes Transport Layer Security (TLS) to encrypt communication between a client and server. Any intercepted data will be unreadable and secure from tampering and eavesdropping.

A Visual Overview of Kubernetes

Containers revolutionized modern application development and deployment. Unlike bulky virtual machines, containers package up just the application code and dependencies, making them lightweight and portable. However, running containers at scale

Symmetric vs Asymmetric Encryption

Symmetric encryption and asymmetric encryption are two types of cryptographic techniques used to secure data and communications, but they differ in their methods of encryption and decryption.

🔹 In symmetric encryption, a single key is used